@article { author = {Komendantova, Nadejda and Yazdanpanah, Masoud}, title = {Impacts of Human Factors on Willingness to Use Renewable Energy Sources in Iran and Morocco}, journal = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {141-152}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, issn = {2538-4988}, eissn = {2676-4997}, doi = {10.22097/eeer.2017.47240}, abstract = {Currently Iran and Morocco are going through an energy transition. Ambitious plans exist at international, regional and national governance levels to deploy renewable energy sources (RES), such as concentrated solar power (CSP) and photovoltaic (PV) solar power. These plans foresee deployment of RES to cover local growing energy needs, to diversify energy supply and to benefit from electricity trade. Even though the majority of MENA countries have favorable geographic conditions, namely, the level of solar irradiance, for deployment of solar projects, they are very diverse in terms of availability of fossil fuels, which might hinder deployment of RES projects. For instance, Morocco is covering almost 95% of its energy needs by imports at the same time as Iran is not only benefiting from availability of fossil fuels for local consumption but are also exporting fossil fuels to the global markets. The first question of this paper is trying to answer is how availability of fossil fuels for domestic consumption might impact the willingness of people in Iran and Morocco to use RES. And secondly how public acceptance of RES in general, and solar projects in particular effects the development of RES projects in this region. The methodological basis of this paper is formed by the case study method of two countries. It also includes different methods of elicitation of opinions and views to understand public acceptance and willingness to use renewable energy.  By comparing Iran and Morocco we aim to understand to which extent availability of non-renewable energy sources in in these two countries influence perceptions of its inhabitants regarding RES energy.}, keywords = {Concentrated solar power,Willingness to use renewable energy sources,Human factors of energy transition,Energy policy in Iran and Morocco}, url = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47240.html}, eprint = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47240_9199f4de766af5cd98f1f971aa0e0ab1.pdf} } @article { author = {Dehdari Ebrahimi, Zhila and Momeni Tabar, Mohsen}, title = {Design of Mathematical Modeling in a Green Supply Chain Network by Collection Centers in the Environment}, journal = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {153-162}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, issn = {2538-4988}, eissn = {2676-4997}, doi = {10.22097/eeer.2017.47242}, abstract = {Nowadays, Economic systems play an important role in environment's field. Along with the rapid change in global manufacturing scenario, environmental and social issues are becoming more important in managing any business. Increasing pressures and challenges to improve economic and environmental performance have been caused developing countries in generally in particular to consider and to start implementing green supply chain management. Green Supply Chain Network Design and Management are an approach to improve performance of the process and products according to the requirements of the environmental regulations. It is emerging as an important approach which not only reduces environmental issues but also brings economic benefit to manufacturers. Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has a significant influence to reduce environment's risks. Choosing the suitable supplier is a key strategic decision for productions and logistics management on the supply chain management. The purpose of this study is to describe the GSCM, to determine the allocation of products between plants, collection centers as well as effect of GSCM to the system's cost is investigated. In this paper, GSCM with multiple and conflicting objectives such as reducing costs, increasing customer's level of service and increased flexibility (accountability), respectively by providing mathematical model for optimal allocation of manufacturing products to market demand. In the event of a problem return them to factory pays the collection centers. Also, Green Supply Chain Network Design that includes several manufacturing plants, collection centers, and production with the aim of minimizing the total cost of the chain to be considered.}, keywords = {mathematical model,Supply chain network design,level of customer service,Reduce costs,Green Supply Chain Management}, url = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47242.html}, eprint = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47242_060892a02bfd60aa5728c96a03aae60a.pdf} } @article { author = {Vaez, Elhamossadat and Taherdanak, Mohsen and Zilouei, Hamid}, title = {Dark Hydrogen Fermentation From Paper Mill Effluent (PME): The influence of Substrate Concentration and Hydrolysis}, journal = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {163-170}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, issn = {2538-4988}, eissn = {2676-4997}, doi = {10.22097/eeer.2017.47243}, abstract = {Paper mill effluent (PME) was used as an organic feedstock for production of biohydrogen via dark fermentation using heat-shock pretreated anaerobic sludge under mesophilic conditions. The influence of substrate concentration (5, 10 and 15 g-COD/L) and the initial pH (5 and 7) on the efficiency of dark hydrogen fermentation from PME were investigated. The highest hydrogen yield of 55.4 mL/g-COD was obtained at substrate concentration and pH of 5 g-COD/L and 5, respectively. By increasing the concentration of substrate from 5 to 10 and 15 g-COD/L, at fixed initial pH, the hydrogen production efficiency was reduced from 55.4 mL/g-COD to 38.5 and 32.7 mL/g-COD. Furthermore, by increasing pH from 5 to 7, biohydrogen efficiency was reduced up to 40.8%. Different hydrolysis of PME including acidic, acidic-thermal and alkaline hydrolysis prior to fermentation were studied which the alkaline hydrolysis led to the highest hydrogen yield of 62.2 mL/g-COD. Moreover, methane production efficiency of 569 mL/g-COD was obtained at substrate concentration and pH of 5 g-COD/L and 7, respectively.   Paper mill effluent (PME) was used as an organic feedstock for production of biohydrogen via dark fermentation using heat-shock pretreated anaerobic sludge under mesophilic conditions. The influence of substrate concentration (5, 10 and 15 g-COD/L) and the initial pH (5 and 7) on the efficiency of dark hydrogen fermentation from PME were investigated. The highest hydrogen yield of 55.4 mL/g-COD was obtained at substrate concentration and pH of 5 g-COD/L and 5, respectively. By increasing the concentration of substrate from 5 to 10 and 15 g-COD/L, at fixed initial pH, the hydrogen production efficiency was reduced from 55.4 mL/g-COD to 38.5 and 32.7 mL/g-COD. Furthermore, by increasing pH from 5 to 7, biohydrogen efficiency was reduced up to 40.8%. Different hydrolysis of PME including acidic, acidic-thermal and alkaline hydrolysis prior to fermentation were studied which the alkaline hydrolysis led to the highest hydrogen yield of 62.2 mL/g-COD. Moreover, methane production efficiency of 569 mL/g-COD was obtained at substrate concentration and pH of 5 g-COD/L and 7, respectively.}, keywords = {Biohydrogen,Dark fermentation,paper mill effluent,Hydrolysis}, url = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47243.html}, eprint = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47243_5ffd89327034e5a0cb5a887b67761f26.pdf} } @article { author = {Sedighkia, Mehdi and Ayyoubzadeh, Seyed Ali and Haji Esmaeili, Mahboobeh}, title = {Habitat Simulation Technique as a Powerful Tool for Instream Flow Needs Assessment and River Ecosystem Management}, journal = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {171-182}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, issn = {2538-4988}, eissn = {2676-4997}, doi = {10.22097/eeer.2017.47244}, abstract = {Instream flow needs (IFN) assessment studies are performed to provide guidelines for stream water management and to assess the impacts of different water projects such as weirs, dams and stream diversions on the available fish habitat. The physical habitat simulation is one of the IFN assessment methods and also a powerful tool in management of river ecosystem that has not become a common method in many countries, yet. The main aim of the present research is representing the ability of habitat simulation technique in river ecosystem management. Delichai stream in Tehran province in Iran is selected as the case study. Based on the results habitat simulation technique has considerable ability for dynamic assessment of IFN and river habitat evaluation along the longitudinal and latitudinal cross sections and it can also present the spatial habitat suitability distribution in various months of the year dynamically. IFN assessment with habitat simulation technique has advantages related to other methods like that of the Tennant method and wetted perimeter method and creates the least discussion between river environmental managers and stakeholders. In the study stream of this research due to the variation of ecological condition for the target species, three different values for IFN in various months of the year were estimated and it was seen that the habitat near the stream bank requires more protection and restoration projects.}, keywords = {Instream Flow Needs,River Ecosystem,Habitat Simulation,Delichai stream,Physical habitat}, url = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47244.html}, eprint = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47244_9b767040dafcd82b69f81cc3f6d4e4ce.pdf} } @article { author = {Ameri, Mohammad and Mokhtari, Hamid}, title = {Simulation of a New Hybrid Solar and Organic Cycle as a Combined Cooling, Heat and Power (CCHP) Unit in Off Design Condition}, journal = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {183-194}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, issn = {2538-4988}, eissn = {2676-4997}, doi = {10.22097/eeer.2017.47245}, abstract = {In this paper, using parabolic mirrors, a solar field was designed, which was related to a storage tank for a residential complex in the city of Tafresh located in the center of Iran. The design was performed for the existing oils: VP1, THERMINOL 66, THERMINOL 59. Finally, considering an organic cycle with R123 as working fluid and assuming a minimum length required for oil flow rate to reach a specified temperature, VP1 was selected both as working fluid and for the storage system. Position of single-effect absorption chiller in the outlet of the organic turbine in hot seasons for cooling and also using a condenser in cold seasons due to the lack of need for cooling provide the possibility of selecting two different working pressures in the cycle, which leads to increased storage in winter. The overall performance of solar cycle was calculated with variable electrical demand load of 63%. In off-design condition, on the longest day of the year, the considered cycle was shown to be able to uninterruptedly generate power, cooling, and heating for 20 h for hygienic purposes. Also, it could generate power and heating for 10 h and 50 min on average on the shortest day of the year.}, keywords = {CCHP,solar,organic cycle,Storage,off-design}, url = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47245.html}, eprint = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47245_f6a9d8d4d6cbdc0b040eac12ef56f0e4.pdf} } @article { author = {Vahidi, Hossein and Nematollahi, Hossein and Padash, Amin and Sadeghi, Benyamin and RiyaziNejad, Morteza}, title = {Comparison of Rural Solid Waste Management in Two Central Provinces of Iran}, journal = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {195-206}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, issn = {2538-4988}, eissn = {2676-4997}, doi = {10.22097/eeer.2017.47246}, abstract = {Solid waste management has been known to play an important role in public health and the environmental status of developing countries. Waste assessment can help researchers and governors in management programs and devising alternative plans in order to improve public health and economical savings. In the present study, statistical estimations regarding waste generation and type of solid wastes in central provinces of Iran has been provided. Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and Yazd are located in central regions of Iran, with an average waste production estimated at 0.507 and 0.293 kg/ca/day, respectively. Improper solid waste management continues to be a big concern in the region, with water contamination as its main consequence. High amount of putrescible material ratio showed the capability of bio-fuel generation in rural areas. The results of survey conducted among waste management experts showed that waste separation prior to collection is recommended as the most efficient method for managing waste collection in the area. This study could contribute to the body of knowledge enhancement by proposing a set of practical waste management strategies that would be beneficial in rural areas.}, keywords = {Rural waste management,Solid waste,Waste composition,Central regions of Iran,Rural Regions}, url = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47246.html}, eprint = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47246_36b72671784b64380c95a1652e9831e2.pdf} } @article { author = {Akhavan Limoodehi, Farhad and Tayefeh, Seyed Masoud and Heydari, Ramezan and Abdoli, Mohammad Ali}, title = {Life Cycle Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Tehran}, journal = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {207-218}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, issn = {2538-4988}, eissn = {2676-4997}, doi = {10.22097/eeer.2017.47247}, abstract = {Due to increasing solid waste generation and their significant impacts on human health, environmental assessment of the management and disposal methods become more and more important. There are various disposal methods which are the combinations that originate from a wide range of solid waste management systems. In this study, municipal waste of Tehran (which totals to 7507.5 tons/day) is assessed according to five suggested scenarios. Life cycle assessment method was applied to compare the selected scenarios to select the most efficient solid waste management scenario in Tehran. Hence, the Eco-indicator 99 is utilized as the impact assessment method. The effects are evaluated in three categories including; effects on human health (organic substances, inorganic substances, climate change, ionizing radiation and ozone layer depletion), ecosystem quality (ecotoxic emissions, the combination of acidification & eutrophication and double coating) and resources (extraction of minerals and the fossil fuels). According to the results, scenario one leads to the most damage to the environment especially on the human health, whereas scenario four has the most positive impacts compared to the others. However, scenarios two and three are unsuitable due to their negative effects on human health. Although, scenario five shows positive results on the resources but again it has negative impacts on human health and ecosystem quality. Moreover, the most appropriate strategy in terms of land usage and energy consumption, again is scenario four (landfilling plus recycling and composting) is chosen as the most proper strategy.}, keywords = {life cycle assessment,Municipal Waste,Landfilling,Composting,Recycling,Incineration}, url = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47247.html}, eprint = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47247_10610ca967d312bf0247dddffbd976a1.pdf} } @article { author = {Jamshidi, Shervin and Niksokhan, Mohammad Hossein}, title = {Upgrading Wastewater Treatment Plants Based on Reuse Demand, Technical and Environmental Policies (A Case Study)}, journal = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {219-230}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, issn = {2538-4988}, eissn = {2676-4997}, doi = {10.22097/eeer.2017.47248}, abstract = {Reclamation and reuse programs are an indispensable part of integrated water resource management, particularly in arid and semi arid regions. Yet, the feasibility of sustainable application not only is relied on design, operation and maintenance of wastewater treatment plants, but also could be influenced by the economical and environmental aspects of reuse demands. This study is aimed to illustrate different policies applicable for upgrading wastewater treatment plants with emphasize on nutrients management in the reclaimed water. For this purpose, 6 domestic wastewater treatment plants in Tehran were analyzed and discussed based on effluent characteristics and reuse demands. As a result, it was recommended that in a framework of demand based policy, and due to economical, practical and environmental limitations, Shahrake Ghods and Mahallati wastewater treatment plants should be upgraded with flexible operated tertiary units. To compare and select the most appropriate unit, the value function was defined and the attached growth based method was determined as a solution. Subsequently, to ensure the environmental protection, the implementation of floating plants treating surface waters, in association with assignment of dynamic trading discharge permit market in reuse program were suggested. Consequently, it was implied that all these solutions would simply be achieved through integrated water and wastewater management.}, keywords = {Wastewater Treatment Plant,reclamation and reuse,irrigation demand,Tehran}, url = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47248.html}, eprint = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47248_915af70e3bbdcdbd5b87781c8c9ca586.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdollahi Boraei, Seyyed Behnam and Esmaeili Bidhendib, Mehdi and Afzali, Daryoush}, title = {Preparation of SiO2/ZrO2 ceramic nanocomposite coating on Aluminum alloys as metallic part of the photovoltaic cells and study its corrosion behavior.}, journal = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {231-238}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, issn = {2538-4988}, eissn = {2676-4997}, doi = {10.22097/eeer.2017.47249}, abstract = {Nowadays due to water shortage, the use of air humidity as the sustainable solution has been considered by cities located in coastal zones; especially in warm and humid climate. However, the use of air humidity also has its own problems such as corrosion of metal parts in photovoltaic cells that used for energy supplying and they are often made of Aluminum alloy. Therefore different methods such as coating have been considered by the user of photovoltaic cells in corrosive conditions in order to reduce corrosion. So in this study, SiO2- ZrO2 ceramic nanocomposite coatings were put on AA2024-T4 Aluminum alloy by Sol-Gel method and dip-coating technique. The films with different compositions have been prepared and morphology and functional groups of samples have been specified by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The corrosion behavior of the coatings was evaluated by polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement in 3.5 % NaCl. The results base on polarization and EIS showed that SiO2-ZrO2 ceramic nanocomposite coatings improved corrosion resistance properties of Aluminum alloy and film with 0.25ml Zirconium alkoxide shows the best corrosion resistance.}, keywords = {Sol-Gel,Nanocomposite,corrosion,Aluminum Alloy,Photovoltaic cell}, url = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47249.html}, eprint = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47249_b0bf6f17b072064789b5d41be486ce34.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghafaria, Hasan Ali and Karbassi, Abdolreza and Rajabi, Ali Asghar}, title = {Green Schools based on Environmental, Health, Safety and Energy Strategy}, journal = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {239-248}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Environmental Energy and Economic Research}, issn = {2538-4988}, eissn = {2676-4997}, doi = {10.22097/eeer.2017.47250}, abstract = {Schools play a vital role in creating a greener future. They will likely be the first place most students encounter determined efforts to conserve energy and water or to reduce waste. The method used in this article is comparative and matching method, by using ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001 and ISO 50001 standards.  Implementing energy management along with other standards is the main objective of present research for improvement of energy performance, energy efficiency, and energy conservation into HSE-MS to access sustainable development. According to the questionnaires form filled in over 100 schools in Tehran, about 56% of schools are in EMS/OHS status; in addition 48% of EMS/OHS legal support in schools is not satisfactory. This case study has attempted the Implementation of EHSE Strategy for Green schools. EHSE modeling will overarch strategic document and central to the future of the green schools. Matching requirements of the environment with energy, safety and health is the ultimate goal of this research.}, keywords = {Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)–Environmental,Health,Safety and Energy Management System (EHSEMS) – Tehran- Green Schools}, url = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47250.html}, eprint = {https://www.eeer.ir/article_47250_859ab545ec5595965e046fc6d0fd6e12.pdf} }