Spatial Analysis of Urban Sprawling with an Emphasis on Ecological Infrastructure Integrity (Case Study: Miandoab City)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Faculty of Governance, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Environmental Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Urban planning, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran

4 Institute for Research and Development in the Humanities (SAMT), Tehran, Iran

5 Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The sprawling growth of urban settlements is a dominant spatial process in many cities of developing countries. This development's most severe apparent effect is the loss of ecological infrastructure. In this way, consequently, the ecosystem services that have been provided for human settlements for thousands of years will be lost. Urban ecological infrastructure is also very effective in climate change and energy consumption. This research aims to spatially analyze the sprawling growth of Miandoab City with an emphasis on ecological infrastructures. In this regard, first, land cover maps have been prepared. Then the future land cover is simulated and predicted by the CA-MARKOV chain method. Also, the metrics of the number of patches, the patch size, and the patch cohesion of spots have been calculated for all land cover types in the landscape. In addition, the urban expansion intensity in different directions and changes in the density of built land cover have been estimated. According to the findings, Miandoab City has experienced a very sprawling growth until 2023, during which the structural integrity of green infrastructure and bare lands has been severely destroyed in favor of built land cover. The direction of physical-spatial development of the city has been towards the eastern suburbs. Most of the bare lands and intensive growth potential are in these areas. Solutions with three strategies (protective, defensive, and opportunistic) have been presented for balancing physical-spatial development and increasing urban and extra-urban ecological infrastructure integrity.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Abdi, T. J., Sarrafi, M., & Razaviain, M. (2020). Study of Urban physical development by using quantitative models Shannon entropy, Holdren and Moran (Case Study: Kashmar city). Sustainable Development & Geographic Environment, 1(1), 53-72.
Abdullahi, S., Pradhan, B. (2017). Compact City Modeling (Case Study of Kajang City, Malaysia). In: Pradhan, B. (eds). Spatial Modeling and Assessment of Urban Form. Springer, Cham.
Ahern, J. (2011). From fail-safe to safe-to-fail: Sustainability and resilience in the new urban world. Landscape and urban planning, 100(4), 341-343.
Alemohammad, S., Yavari, A.R., Malekmohammadi, B., Salehi, E., & Amiri, M. J. (2022). Landscape conservation and protected areas (case of Dena, Iran). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 194(2), 54.
Anabestani, A., Anabestani, Z., & Akbari, E. (2021). Analysis of structural changes in the landscape and urban development patterns using multi-time satellite imagery-Case study: Mashhad Metropolitan. Scientific-Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR), 30(119), 189-206.
Arekhi, S. (2015). Application of landscape metrics in assessing land use changes' trend by using remote sensing and GIS case study: Dehloran desert area. Geography and Development, 13(40), 59-68.
Artmann, M., Kohler, M., Meinel, G., Gan, J., & Ioja, I.C. (2019). How smart growth and green infrastructure can mutually support each other—A conceptual framework for compact and green cities. Ecological Indicators, 96, 10-22.
Arvin, M., & Poor Ahmad, A. (2021). Theoretical Explanation of Polycentric Compact City Structure to Create a Sustainable Urban form. Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement, 11(41), 253-286.
Bagheri, B., & Tousi, S. N. (2018). An explanation of urban sprawl phenomenon in Shiraz Metropolitan Area (SMA). Cities, 73, 71-90.
Bahmanpour, H., & Valian, T. (2022). Evaluation and analysis of the trend of land landscape changes in urban green spaces of Tehran. Comprehansive Studies in Urban Management, 2(8), 24-36.
Bardi Anamoradnezhad, R. (2016). Analysis of the spatial planning and urban development pattern in Iran. Research and Urban Planning, 7(26), 93-112.
Bhatta, B. (2012). Urban growth analysis and remote sensing: a case study of Kolkata, India 1980–2010. Springer Science & Business Media.
Bratley, K., & Ghoneim, E. (2018). Modeling urban encroachment on the agricultural land of the eastern Nile Delta using remote sensing and a GIS-based Markov chain model. Land, 7(4), 114.
Darvishi, Y., Gholami Nor Abad, H., & Momenpourakerdi, S. (2021). Smart urban growth spatial analysis using VIKOR (Case Study of Ardabil). Geographical Engineering of Territory, 4(2), 427-444.
De Montis, A., Ganciu, A., Cabras, M., Bardi, A., & Mulas, M. (2019). Comparative ecological network analysis: An application to Italy. Land Use Policy, 81, 714-724.
Dupras, J., & Alam, M. (2015). Urban sprawl and ecosystem services: a half century perspective in the Montreal area (Quebec, Canada). Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 17(2), 180-200.
Ehrlich, M. V., Hilber, C. A., & Schöni, O. (2018). Institutional settings and urban sprawl: Evidence from Europe. Journal of Housing Economics, 42, 4-18.
Ermini, B., & Santolini, R. (2017). Urban sprawl and property tax of a city’s core and suburbs: Evidence from Italy. Regional Studies, 51(9), 1374-1386.
Ersoy, E., Jorgensen, A., & Warren, P. (2019). Identifying multispecies connectivity corridors and the spatial pattern of the landscape. Urban For. Urban Green. 40, 308–322. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, (40), 308-322.
Fakhraei, S., & Abdi, M. (2012). The Study of effective Factors in the Migration of villagers to Miandoab in 2010. Sociological studies, 4(13), 33-46.
Faraji, A., Yousefi, Z., & Alian, M. (2018). Urban Sprawl, Compact City, Urban Form, Sustainable Development, Smart Growth, Tehran. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Urban Design, 6(1), 23-38.
Ferreira, J. C., Monteiro, R., & Silva, V. R. (2021). Planning a green infrastructure network from theory to practice: The case study of Setúbal, Portugal. Sustainability, 13(15), 8432.
Garrido-Cumbrera, M., Ruiz, D. G., Braçe, O., & Lara, E. L. (2018). Exploring the association between urban sprawl and mental health. Journal of Transport & Health, 10, 381-390.
Girma, Y., Terefe, H., Pauleit, S., & Kindu, M. (2019). Urban green infrastructure planning in Ethiopia: The case of emerging towns of Oromia special zone surrounding Finfinne. Journal of urban management, 8(1), 75-88.
Hamidi, S., & Ewing, R. (2014). A longitudinal study of changes in urban sprawl between 2000 and 2010 in the United States. Landscape and urban planning, 128, 72-82.
Hataminejad, H., Hatami, A., & Moradi, A. (2021). Analysis of spatial growth patterns of khorramabad city with the ecological approach of the landscape.
He, C., Huang, Q., Liu, Z., & Wu, J. (2018). Urban Landscape Ecology: Processes, Impacts, and Sustainability. Beijing: Science Press.
Herold, M., Couclelis, H., & Clarke, K. C. (2005). The role of spatial metrics in the analysis and modeling of urban land use change. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 29(4), 369-399.
Kaviani, A., Farhoodi, R., & Rajabi, A. (2015). Analysis of Urban Growth Pattern in Tehran City by Landscape Ecology Approach. Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR), 3(4), 407-429.
Kheirkhah, Z., & Nemati Mehr, M. A. (2021). Elements and indicators of urban form: A meta-synthesis study. Space Ontology International Journal, 10(2), 45-60.
Lee, J. H., & Lim, S. (2018). The selection of compact city policy instruments and their effects on energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector: The case of South Korea. Sustainable Cities and Society, 37, 116-124.
Li, Q., Yang, L., Huang, S., Liu, Y., & Guo, C. (2023). The Effects of Urban Sprawl on Electricity Consumption: Empirical Evidence from 283 Prefecture-Level Cities in China. Land, 12(8), 1609.
Lityński, P. (2021). The intensity of urban sprawl in Poland. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10(2), 95.
Liu, T., & Yang, X. (2015). Monitoring land changes in an urban area using satellite imagery, GIS and landscape metrics. Applied Geography, 56, 42-54.
Liu, Z., Liu, S., Qi, W., & Jin, H. (2018). Urban sprawl among Chinese cities of different population sizes. Habitat international, 79, 89-98.
Lotfi, S., Faraji, A., A, M. M., & Azimi, A. (2011). Analysing Urban Quality of Life Using Entropy Method and SAW Technique Case Study: Urban Texture of Miyandoab. Geographical Planning of Space( 1(1), 69-85).
Magidi, J., & Ahmed, F. (2019). Assessing urban sprawl using remote sensing and landscape metrics: A case study of City of Tshwane, South Africa (1984–2015). The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 22(3), 335-346.
Mahmoudzadeh, H., & Masoudi, H. (2019). The analysis of structural landscape changes in Tabriz city using landscape ecology principles with an emphasis on the connectivity concept. Town and Country Planning, 11(2), 179-204.
Marando, F., Heris, M. P., Zulian, G., Udías, A., Mentaschi, L., Chrysoulakis, N., . . . Maes, J. (2022). Urban heat island mitigation by green infrastructure in European Functional Urban Areas. Sustainable cities and society, 77, 103564.
McGarigal, K. (2017). Landscape metrics for categorical map patterns. Lecture notes.
Mehrafzun, M., Zanganeh, A., Shamaei, A., Prizadi, T., & Karami, T. (2019). Spatial Capacity Measurement of Intermediate Development of Boroujerd. Environmental Management, (49), 156-179.
Milan, B. F., & Creutzig, F. (2016). Municipal policies accelerated urban sprawl and public debts in Spain. Land Use Policy, 54, 103-115.
Mohammadi, J., Ahadian, M., & Azadi Qataar, S. (2012). Analysis and Evaluation of Sustainable Distribution and Development of Urban Green Spaces (Case Study: Miandoab City). Urban Management Journal, 10(29), 259-276.
Monkkonen, P., Comandon, A., Escamilla, J. A. M., & Guerra, E. (2018). Urban sprawl and the growing geographic scale of segregation in Mexico, 1990–2010. Habitat international, 73, 89-95.
Monteiro, R., Ferreira, J. C., & Antunes, P. (2020). Green infrastructure planning principles: An integrated literature review. Land, 9(12), 525.
Movahed, A., & Ahmadi, M. (2018). Planning for redevelopment of abandoned urban lands; emphasizing infill development approach (Case study: district 19 of Tehran). Physical Social Planning, 5(1), 59-76.
Nasehi, S., Alemohammad, S., Ramezani Mehrian, M., & Mobarghei Dinan, N. (2023). Formulating sustainability strategies for urban green infrastructures by using the landscape changes assessment (Tehran Metropolitan District 2). Geography and Environmental Sustainability, 13(2), 95-114.
Navamuel, E. L., Morollón, F. R., & Cuartas, B. M. (2018). Energy consumption and urban sprawl: Evidence for the Spanish case. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 3479-3486.
Nedovic-Budic, Z., Knaap, G. J., Shahumyan, H., Williams, B., & Slaev, A. (2016). Measuring urban form at community scale: Case study of Dublin, Ireland. Cities, 55, 148-164.
Nel, O., López, J., Martín, J., & Checa, J. (2017). Energy and urban form. The growth of European cities on the basis of night-time brightness. Land Use Policy, 61, 103-112.
Norouzi Gelehkolaie, S., Hatami, A., & Parvizy, S. (2022). Analysis of Kermanshah Spatial Growth Patterns on Ecological Landscape Performance. Physical Social Planning, 9(3), 49-64.
Nouri, Z. S., Nouri, J., Habib, F., & Rafian, M. (2021). Environmental management for urban development around river valleys using a conceptual model. International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management, 6(4), 351-364.
Omidpour, M., Sayahnia, R., & Rezaei, Y. (2020). The impact of urban growth and development trend on ecological network structure with resilience and landscape approach (case study of Hamedan). Iranian Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS, 12(2), 19-32.
Ostrowski, P., & Falkowski, T. (2020). Application of remote sensing methods to study the relief of lowland river valleys with a complex geological structure—A case study of the Bug River. Water, 12(2), 487.
Oueslati, W., Alvanides, S., & Garrod, G. (2015). Determinants of urban sprawl in European cities. Urban studies, 52(9), 1594-1614.
Parivar, P., Faryadi, S., Yavari, A. R., Salehi, E., & Harati, P. (2013). Developing the ecological sustainable strategies to increase urban environmental resilience:(case study: districts 1 and 3 of Tehran Municipality). Journal of Environmental Studies, 39(1), 123-132.
Parizadi, T., Mirzazadeh, H., Asghary, R., & Karimi, A. (2022). The study of physical development pattern with the approach of infill development case study: Miandoab city. Human Geography Research, 54(4), 1303-1321.
Parker, J., & Zingoni de Baro, M. E. (2019). Green infrastructure in the urban environment: A systematic quantitative review. Sustainability, 11(11), 3182.
Pozoukidou, G., & Ntriankos, I. (2017). Measuring and assessing urban sprawl: A proposed indicator system for the city of Thessaloniki, Greece. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 8, 30-40.
Rahimi, M., & Bazmeh, F. (2021). The challenges of urban land use detection emphasizing the use of inefficient (Case study: area 8 of Kerman). Journal of Urban Social Geography, 8(2), 201-183.
Rahnemaei, M. T., Manochehri, A., & Faraji, A. (2012). Analyzing Urban Quality of life in old fabric of Miandoaab city. Urban Management, 28(9), 223- 240.
Rajabi, A., & Maleki Nezamabad, R. (2015). Spatial Distribution of Residential Landuse in Urban Density and a Review of Its Role in Sustainable Development Using GIS (Case Study: Miandoab City). Human Geography Research, 47(3), 529-541.
Rajput, T. S., Singhal, A., Routroy, S., Dhadse, K., & Tyagi, G. (2021). Urban policymaking for a developing city using a hybridized technique based on SWOT, AHP, and GIS. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 147(2), 04021018.
Rall, E., Hansen, R., & Pauleit, S. (2019). The added value of public participation GIS (PPGIS) for urban green infrastructure planning. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 40, 264–274.
Ramezani Mehrian, M. (2022). Assessing the structural quality of green space network in urban environments-case study: District 16 of Tehran Municipality. Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR), 10(1), 81-99.
Sadr Mousavi, M. S. (2017). Evaluation and Simulation of Urban FringeLand-use Changes by Using CA-Markov Model (Case Study: Miandoab City). Geography and Planning, 20(58), 139-157.
Saeed Sabaee, M., Salman Mahiny, R., Shahraeini, S. M., Mirkarimi, S. H., & Dabiri, N. (2016). Use of landscape metrics in land use allocation. Town and Country Planning, 8(1), 155-175.
Salem, M., Bose, A., Bashir, B., Basak, D., Roy, S., Chowdhury, I. R., . . . Tsurusaki, N. (2021). Urban expansion simulation based on various driving factors using a logistic regression model: Delhi as a case study. Sustainability, 13(19), 10805.
Salvati, L., & Carlucci, M. (2016). Patterns of sprawl: The socioeconomic and territorial profile of dispersed urban areas in Italy. Regional Studies, 50(8), 1346-1359.
Sarvar, H., & Asghary, R. (2021). Analysis of the Public Spaces of Cities via a vitality approach: A Case Study of Ata Coastal Park of Miandoab. Spatial Planning, 11(4), 27-46.
Sharifi, A. (2019). Resilient urban forms: A macro-scale analysis. Cities, 85, 1-14.
Taghadosi, M. M., Hasanlou, M., & Eftekhari, K. (2019). Evaluating and comparing supervised classification algorithms With the aim of mapping soil salinity levels using Sentinel-2 satellite imageries. Scientific-Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR), 28(110), 37-52.
Tao, J., Wang, Y., Wang, R., & Mi, C. (2019). Do compactness and poly-centricity mitigate PM10 emissions? Evidence from Yangtze River Delta Area. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(21), 4204.
Tappert, S., Klöti, T., & Drilling, M. (2018). Contested urban green spaces in the compact city: The (re-) negotiation of urban gardening in Swiss cities. Landscape and urban planning, 170, 69-78.
Wang, J., & Banzhaf, E. (2018). Towards a better understanding of Green Infrastructure: A critical review. Ecological Indicators, 85, 758-772.
Xu, L., Huang, Q., Ding, D., Mei, M., & Qin, H. (2018). Modelling urban expansion guided by land ecological suitability: A case study of Changzhou City, China. Habitat international, 75, 12-24.
Yazdanpanah, M., Yavari, A.R., Zebardast, L., & Alemohammad, S. (2015). Urban Green Infrastructure Assessment for Their Regeneration in Tehran Landscape. Journal of Environmental Studies, 41(3), 613-625.
Ying, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., & Bilan, S. (2022). Green infrastructure: Systematic literature review. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 35(1), 343-366.
Yousef, S., Tazeh, M., Mirzaee, S., Moradi, H., & Tavangar, S. (2011). Comparison of different classification algorithms in satellite imagery to produce land use maps (Case study: Noor city). Journal of RS and GIS for Natural Resources, 5(3) 67-76.
Yue, W., Zhang, L., & Liu, Y. (2016). Measuring sprawl in large Chinese cities along the Yangtze River via combined single and multidimensional metrics. Habitat international, 57, 43-52.
Zhang, C., Miao, C., Zhang, W., & Chen, X. (2018). Spatiotemporal patterns of urban sprawl and its relationship with economic development in China during 1990–2010. Habitat international, 79, 51-60.
Ziari, K., Ghadiri, M., & Dasta, F. (2014). Assessment and evaluation of the physical expansion pattern of Yazd city. Human Geography Research, 46(2), 272-252.
Zou, L., Wang, J., & Bai, M. (2022). Assessing spatial–temporal heterogeneity of China’s landscape fragmentation in 1980–2020. Ecological Indicators, 136, 108654.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics